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Comments ...
krewfoo99
It would affect the dorsal column tract and the spinothalamic tract. It wont affect the spinocerebellar tract (Thus Rombergs sign in B12 deficiency will be positive)
All three of the tracts are affected in Friedrichs Ataxia
krewfoo99
Sorry. Just checked on FA. It will also affect the spinocerebellar tract
drw
then some anti-X cannot relocate to Y even Y is added at whatever high dose. at this condition, the line can never touch the axis-Y.
on the contrary, if Y express all epitopes on the X, but X does not express all epitopes on the Y, that means some Y epitopes are not seen on X. at this condition, I don't know what will be the line looked like.
sahusema
Wow. I hate this. I only looked at the number of participants and completely ignored the Diastolic BP readings
Subcomments ...
catch-22
Start at the pontomedullary junction and count from superior to inferiorly (or medially to laterally): VI, VII, VIII, IX.
+ 2019-06-15T22:09:10Z
yotsubato
I looked at the left side (cause the nerves arent frazzled up). Saw 7 and 8 come out together nicely. Then picked the right sided version of 8
+ 2019-06-16T11:55:53Z
lolmedlol
why is it not H or I on the right side; the stem says he has hearing loss on the right side, so the lesion should be ipsilateral no?
+1 2019-06-25T14:58:57Z
catch-22
You're looking at the ventral aspect of the brainstem.
+3 2019-06-26T20:03:48Z
catch-22
^Also, you know it's the ventral aspect because you can see the medullary pyramids.
+ 2019-06-26T20:04:33Z
amarousis
think of the belly of the pons as a pregnant lady. so you're looking at the front of her
+1 2019-07-07T21:21:06Z
hello
which letter is CN IX in this diagram?
+ 2019-08-28T02:11:46Z
yotsubato
This patient does not undergo a water deprivation test
+6 2019-06-10T11:08:20Z
niboonsh
Compulsive water drinking or psychogenic polydipsia is now increasingly seen in psychiatric populations. Effects of increased water intake can lead to hyponatremia causing symptoms of nausea, vomiting, seizures, delirium and can even be life threatening if not recognized and managed early.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5579464/
+3 2019-06-16T15:51:03Z
missi19998
Just wondering why it in not resistance to ADH action of vasopressin
+ 2019-06-23T19:42:28Z
amarousis
because he would be hypernatremic with no ADH. can't resorb any water
+1 2019-06-30T22:10:04Z
minhphuongpnt07
low osm/urine, low os/plasma => psychogenic polydipsia
+ 2019-08-15T22:56:29Z
benitezmena
In this question the pt had a normal urine osm (80) a low urine osm would be <50mosmol/kg.
+ 2019-11-29T21:12:26Z
amarousis
so it's definitely dust but the specific type of dust was the most important in this question. the fact that they mentioned the birds is important. the dusty books would cause it but the bird dust is more important -.-
+ 2019-06-30T20:04:48Z
charcot_bouchard
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis - Organic dust (like moldy hay)
Pneumocniosis - Inorganic dust
none help here though because both will present with same restrictive lung disease picture.
i think since dust in library arent neither organic or inorganic and also u dont see many librarians with lung disease but bird ownership is specifically mentioned as cause of HP disease.
+ 2019-07-10T09:51:39Z
home_run_ball
^ Above is partially right:
Propranolol is non-selective Beta blocker:
Beta1 stimulation causes inc HR, therefore blocking it will dec HR and dec Cardiac output
Beta 2 stimulation causes vasodilation, therefore blocking it will CAUSE UNOPPOSED alpha1 activation --> therefore increasing total peripheral resistance.
+13 2019-05-30T00:13:36Z
amarousis
so why tf do we give beta blockers for hypertension -.-
+3 2019-06-30T19:40:06Z
dr_jan_itor
I would also add that the patient was previously on an a2 inhibitor (clonidine), which he ran out of. So he is rebounding on that with upregulated a1 receptor activity. Adding labetalol would cause a greater degree of unopposed alpha, increasing tpr
+1 2019-07-30T13:05:54Z
llamastep1
@amarousis They are used for hypertension because the hypotensive effect of the reduced CO is greater than that of the effect of the increase of TPR. Cheers.
+ 2019-12-01T04:37:06Z
amarousis
malingering would be a conscious faking of symptoms to avoid being on the team. he wouldn't have the mid-systolic click and he would probably complain of his symptoms all the time and not just limited to during exertion.
+ 2019-06-23T20:51:38Z
temmy
malingering is also doing it for some external gain. which was not indicated in the stem
+ 2019-07-09T17:45:20Z
garibay92
Also, patients with asthma are usually asymptomatic at the time of physical exam unless they are examined precisely during the attack.
+ 2019-07-29T04:30:25Z
But doesn't subacute combined degeneration lead to impairment in DCML, spinocerebellar and corticospinal tract? I get the ataxic gait - DCML/spinocerebellar. But the sensation to pinprick, wouldn't that be the spinothalamic tract? That is not usually affected in subacute combined degeneration.