After everything its jjust an epidem ques. Below 55 vs Above 55 years
The most important hints to the question are as follows, with #2 being the most specific:
1) patient reports pain with overhead motion and reports recurrent overhead motion during work. Overhead motion can damage the supraspinatus muscle due to impingement by the acromion.
2) Pain is worst with internal rotation of the shoulder - this is consistent with the findings of the empty-can test, which indicates a supraspinatus injury.
This question is disguised. What they are really asking is "what is the sole determinant of species survival"? The only answer is the ability to procreate. Because DNA Polymerase has proof-reading activity, progeny will be unaffected by RNA Polymerases lack of proof-reading activity.
This question is disguised. What they are really asking is "what is the sole determinant of species survival"? The only answer is the ability to procreate. Because DNA Polymerase has proof-reading activity, progeny will be unaffected by RNA Polymerases lack of proof-reading activity.
Attributable risk = incidence in exposed – incidence in unexposed
= 30/1,000 (smokers) - 30/3,000 (nonsmokers)
= 0.03 - 0.01
= 0.02 (so the attributable risk is about 2%)
Applying it to a population of 10,000:
= 0.02 * 10,000
= 200
Disorders common in east Asia according to Goljan: Hepatitis B EBV infection - mostly leading to nasopharyngeal CA Alpha Thalassemia Nitrosamine linked Intestinal type gastric CA
In this question, since the patient is asymptomatic and EBV isnt exactly "screened for", went with HepB as the answer
Lucky deduction, but looking back, I believe what they were going for is what she should have been vaccinated for at 6 months of age (since there are no apparent symptoms).
Hep B vaccine is usually given at birth, 1 month, and 6 months of age, so it's pretty important that she be vaccinated against it, unless she already has it, in which case she should be treated to avoid cirrhosis.
The pt had asthma (SOB, wakes up at night out of breath, has allergies). It asked for the precursor of leukotrienes, which is arachidonic acid. The prob gave him Montelukast or inhaled glucocorticoids.
out of curiosity, how may people knew this? (dont be shy to say you did or didnt?)
My poverty education didn't ingrain this in me.
This is a case of acute transplant rejection. weeks to months after the transplant, recipient cd8 and/or cd4 t cells are activated against the donor (a type 4 HSR) and the donor starts making antibodies against the transplant. This presents as a vasculitis with dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates. (FA2018 pg 119)
So, I thought this question was super vague and not great... that being said, having gotten it wrong and not really having a good explanation for the answer, I did a little research and found this article: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.STR.30.4.715
This was the main conclusion: "The results of the present study, aimed at assessing the effects of stroke on sexual functioning, reveal a significant decline in libido, coital frequency, sexual arousal, and satisfaction with sexual life in both stroke patients and their spouses. The present results also demonstrate that disorders of sexual functions are most significantly associated with various psychosocial factors, such as patients’ general attitude toward sexuality, fear of impotence, and ability to discuss sexuality, as well as with the degree of poststroke functional disability. Moreover, sexual dysfunction was related to the presence and degree of depression, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular medication. The etiology or location of the stroke and the gender or marital status of the patients were not associated with changes in poststroke sexuality in patients in the present study."
Looking at the question again, I'm guessing the "fatigue and difficulting sleeping and concentrating" statement was supposed to be a clue for depression, especially since it started after his stroke. Also, no physical abnormalities suggest functioning is intact and thus nocturnal erections would be preserved normally. This is just stupid.
It seems like a lot of the systemic autoimmune diseases are multifactorial. Is there a general rule for this?
Increased sweat and Na+ concentration should point to cystic fibrosis (CF). The problem with CF is not that the gene is being transcribed less, but that the protein that the gene codes for is altered, which leads to the CF channel being degraded due to mis-folding --> less CF receptors on cell surface --> phenotypic CF.
Our little friend has a Parvovirus infection, which infects erythroid precursors, causing interruption of erythrocyte production. This is the same way it causes hydrops fetalis in unborn babies and aplastic anemia in sickle cell, etc.
If you don't know what Dicumarol does like any normal human. The focus on what aspirin doesn't do, namely it's doesn't affect PT time and most pills don't increase clotting (especially with aspirin). This is how I logic to the right answer.
Is decreased nocturnal erections not possible due to the incongruity between onset of symptoms and stroke (2 mos versus 3)? Agree that these questions are very vague and frustrating. Not sure where to get a good grasp on this material.