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Retired NBME 25 Answers

nbme25/Block 1/Question#27 (reveal difficulty score)
A 24-year-old man comes to the physician ...
An abrupt alteration of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center ๐Ÿ” / ๐Ÿ“บ / ๐ŸŒณ / ๐Ÿ“–
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submitted by โˆ—shak360(19)
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Taking this from UWorld:

Major functions of the hypothalamic nuclei

  • Ventromedial: mediates satiety; destruction leads to hyperphagia
  • Lateral: mediates hunger; destruction leads to anorexia
  • Anterior: mediates heat dissipation; destruction leads to hyperthermia - AC for anterior cooling
  • Posterior: mediates heat mediates heat conservation; destruction leads to hypothermia - HOT POT
  • Arcuate: secretion of dopamine and inhibits prolactin, GHRH
  • Medial preoptic: Secretion of GnRH, regulates sexual behavior - Implicated in Kallmann syndrome a failure of GnRH-producing neurons to migrate from the olfactory pit
  • Paraventricular: Secretion of oxytocin, CRH, TRH, & small amounts of ADH - POX
  • Supraoptic: Secretion of ADH & small amounts of oxytocin - SAD
  • Suprachiasmatic: Circadian rhythm regulation & pineal gland. In particular, it processes light information from the retina and modulates body temperature and the production of hormones such as melatonin and cortisol. This structure also plays an important role in Jet Lag, or insomnia and daytime sleepiness that one experiences when traveling across the world. - SCN - Sun Censing Nucleus
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