NBME Answers

After the cuff is tied, the cells and tissue distal to the cuff will continue consuming ATP (ATP->ADP), but no fresh blood will be delivered to “clear” what will be an accumulating amount of ADP and other metabolites. ADP (=Adenosine) is itself a proxy of consumption and drives vasodilation of arteries! (Evolution is smart!) Increasing ADP/Adenosine in a “local environment” is a signal to the body that a lot of consumption is occurring there; thus, arteries and arterioles naturally dilate to increase blood flow rates and “sweep away” metabolic byproducts.

—drdoom, nbme24/Block 3/Question#2

Lol of the Week

Which of the following reasons is why this question is bull?

1) Using the word "cyclic" instead of tricyclic for clarity

2) Knowing all of epidemiology of all drugs

3) having to reason out that anticholinergic effects are probably the worst over alpha1 or H1 effects to no certainty.

4) The crippling depression of studying for days-to-weeks on end to probably do average on the test.

—seagull, nbme22/Block 2/Question#36

Help your fellow humans! (see more)

kimcharito asks:

it is normal irradiation to the RIGHT neck? what does it mean? help answer!

soph asks:

ok but why is blue nevi wrong? i thought q asks lession in both exposed and unexposed areas. help answer!

yex asks:

This was on a previous NBME. How I got it? Intercostal (posterior) is how you get to the vertebral bodies; the other vessels are anterior. help answer!

ap88 asks:

Why can this not be papillary necrosis? Given the gross Hematuria and proteinuria with a history of analgesic use... I thought that was what this was getting at? help answer!

t0pcheese asks:

why is the Na normal in this patient? Everything else made sense, the high K and 17 hydroxyprogesterone. help answer!

hyperfukus asks:

so should we just skip these? cuz there's prob 10 more i couldve gotten write wasting my life on this one help answer!

hello asks:

Please help - how are you able to tell that the CT image is not at the level of duodenum? I don't know what I'm looking for to compare and contrast a CT at the level of the duodenum vs the CT given in this Q. help answer!

hello asks:

There has to be a better explanation for why ANP is wrong? help answer!

cr asks:

Which type of cell we r going to find in blisters?, neutrophils? help answer!

hello asks:

please help -- If catalase-positive bacteria neutralize their own superoxide, why isn't it the case for catalase-positive bacteria to infections in everyone? I'm not understanding the connection to NADPH oxidase deficiency. help answer!

hello to cause** infections in everyone

hello asks:

Why isn't this a cohort study? help answer!

drdoom This is a cohort study! (Since it involves splitting people into "groups"; group = cohort.) But the stem asks what "best describes" the design. So, yes, it's a cohort study but a more precise ("more specific") description is Open-label. In other words, "Open-label clinical trial" is a type of cohort study, and, in this case, "Open-label" is a more precise description of what is described in the stem.

drdoom For a more technical explanation of "Cohort studies", see the definition from the National Library of Medicine: https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015331

angelaq11 It is a cohort, just as @drdoom said, but it isn't an "Observational" one.

hyperfukus asks:

so the lesion is in the Right MLF right? If so I'm just about to memorize the eye see SAME MiLF lol its the MLF on the same side of the eye keep it simple i hope that's what yall are saying lol help answer!

usmile1 asks:

does anyone know what the structure E is pointing to? help answer!

thomasburton Not sure looks like it might be free ribosomes or other such small cytosolic structure (I picked E too, thought B looked way too big!)

targetusmle same here!! marked e thinking of it as a mitochondria

lauri asks:

I CANNOT VIEW THE ENTIRE QUESTION. IS THIS NORMAL? help answer!

trichotillomaniac Hi Lauri, this is normal. We can't post the whole question due to copy right laws but you can almost always find the question you are looking for and the answer to by going to the form and then Ctrl + find -ing the age of the patient and other key words or the answer!

drdoom HI LAURI. THANK YOU FOR DEMONSTRATING YOUR PROFICIENCY WITH ALL-CAP COMPOSITION!

maxillarythirdmolar asks:

Where does the role of B1 stimulation of RAAS come into this? Wouldn't the B1 action cause decrease RAAS? That being said, I can also understand if that's a long term thing and this is a question about the immediate effects...? help answer!

hello asks:

Please help Why is valine incorrect? An explanation below says that valine would be converted to glucose during regular metabolism? Regular metabolism = fed state, so why would valine even be converted to glucose? help answer!

burak asks:

What does 3 narrowin means? Is that a cause of diverticulary diseases or the result?? And what is that photo means :/ help answer!

burak asks:

Isn't it dependent on the location? I answered it coronary sinus because av node is located in Koch triangle; which composed of CSinus, Tendon of Todaro, Tricuspid annulus? help answer!

hello The correct answer was atrioventricular BUNDLE-- it's also known as the Bundle of His. AV Bundle ≠ AV Node.

burak Now it's more confusing to me:) because av bundle is more inferior to the av node.

hello Patient has ASD --> need to repair interatrial septum. AV bundle aka bundle of His is located neart interatrial septum. Coronary sinus opens into atria but is not located near the interatrial septum

hello asks:

Please help Mid-systolic ejection click = pulmonic stenosis How is pulmonic stenosis related to the patient's ASD -- does ASD cause pulmonic stenosis?? help answer!

burak ASD has typically 3 associated sounds according to UW, they are all about increased blood in RA. Increased blood in RA causes more blood do ejected from tricuspid (dşastolic rumble), and more blood to be ejected to pulmonary circulation which cause pulmonary flow murmur (midsystolic murmur in pulmonary region). It even can cause pulmonary regurgitaion like murmur, but most important murmur in ASD is typically midsystolic murmur. You can check it out on FA 2018 page 284

hello Ok, what I learned: Extra blood in the right heart (due to ASD) doesn't lead to pulmonic stenosis? Instead, it's that pulmonic stenosis = most common comorbid heart association with ASD

burak No it's not pulmonic stenosis, it doesn't lead. Murmur associated with ASD is pulmonic stenosis-like murmur, because it's caused by excess RA and RV volume ejecting to the pulmonary arteries. So it's same location with pulmonic stenosis, and it's systolic. You get it?

hello @burak Yep!

ls3076 asks:

Is decreased nocturnal erections not possible due to the incongruity between onset of symptoms and stroke (2 mos versus 3)? Agree that these questions are very vague and frustrating. Not sure where to get a good grasp on this material. help answer!

ls3076 asks:

can anyone explain why (D) metaplasia is incorrect? help answer!

angelaq11 because metaplasia would be a transformation of the normal architecture of the respiratory epithelium to one that does not belong there, in response to chronic irritation. This woman had pneumococcal pneumonia that was correctly (and I dare say promptly) treated, so she suffered an acute rather than a chronic insult.

dorsomedial_nucleus asks:

Is this just red-man syndrome? Direct mast-cell degranulation caused by vancomycin....and also morphine? help answer!

sam1 asks:

What about the additional flow through the circumflex? help answer!

varunmehru asks:

The mother has autoimmune thyroiditis and treatment is given for hypothyroidism only. why does it matter if the mother's TSH is high or low? Autoantibodies would still be present and they would always cause cretinism irrespective of mother hormones level. Isn't it? help answer!

Recent comments (see more)

... angelaq11 made a comment on nbme22/block3/q#11 (A 38-year-old man with Down syndrome is brought to...)

+0 upvote downvote
submitted by angelaq11(0)

I hate Qs like this. They make me feel all kinds of sadness.

... consuela_salon made a comment on nbme20/block1/q#12 (72 yo woman with dysphagia)

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submitted by consuela_salon(0)

This was the picture that I liked the most for this question. If you imagine that the injury is at the level of the left subclavian vein (LSV) and thoracic duct (TD) crossing each other, maybe it will help you realize that the left breast & left upper extremity bypass the injury. The right lung is drained by the right lymphatic duct, not the TD (see one of the links bellow). And the heart is where eventually all the drainage is going to end up to be pumped again (TD -> LSV -> SVC -> heart).

consuela_salon (I meant the picture posted by onyx)

... angelaq11 made a comment on nbme22/block2/q#1 (A 29-year-old woman is brought to the emergency...)

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submitted by angelaq11(0)

I think besides knowing basic anatomy (I suck BIG time on anatomy), we could more or less easily rule out most of the options. She is in pain, but she is awake and with stable vital signs (even after 6 hours) so I think arterial damage would definitely lead to a more rapid deterioration. That leaves us with the portal vein and the hepatic veins. The portal vein (if knowing zero anatomy) brings much more blood to the liver than the hepatic artery (if I'm not mistaken), and so that leaves you with only the hepatic veins.

... yex made a comment on nbme24/block4/q#34 (A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician for a...)

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submitted by yex(4)

I think they are referring to Kulchitsky cells = pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC). According to Wikipedia: Specialized airway epithelial cells that occur as solitary cells or as clusters called neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) in the lung. They are located in the nasal respiratory epithelium, laryngeal mucosa and throughout the entire respiratory tract from the trachea to the terminal airways. They can be the source of several types of lung cancer- most notably, small cell carcinoma of the lung, and bronchial carcinoid tumor.

... jfny21 made a comment on nbme22/block2/q#13 (A 5-year-old boy who lives on a farm has had...)

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submitted by jfny21(0)

Here's a way for me to remember: Y. enteroCOLDitica. Hope it helps.

... fleurmuxlin made a comment on nbme22/block1/q#2 (A 28-year-old man has recurrent pancreatitis...)

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submitted by fleurmuxlin(0)

First Aid Page 94

Type 4 -hypertriglyceridemia is caused by Hepatic overproduction of VLDL. If we just consider the primary issue, then it is easy to see why decreasing VLDL would be the answer.

(full disclosures, I also was think about the types of medication that should be used)

... kimcharito made a comment on nbme23/block3/q#22 (A 54-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease is...)

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submitted by kimcharito(3)

it is normal irradiation to the RIGHT neck? what does it mean?

... link981 made a comment on nbme20/block2/q#2 (Following a wedding reception that was attended by...)

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submitted by link981(24)

Norovirus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the USA due to vaccination. + Rotavirus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the rest of the world. In this question you had to know the most common cause

... soph made a comment on nbme21/block3/q#25 (A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because...)

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submitted by soph(9)

ok but why is blue nevi wrong? i thought q asks lession in both exposed and unexposed areas.

... soph made a comment on nbme21/block1/q#6 (A normal-appearing 17-year-old girl has never had a...)

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submitted by soph(9)

all the other options pt would have uterus, ovaries. turners they wouldnt look normal and they would have atrophic ovaries.

... yex made a comment on nbme24/block1/q#3 (A 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because...)

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submitted by yex(4)

This was on a previous NBME. How I got it? Intercostal (posterior) is how you get to the vertebral bodies; the other vessels are anterior.

... eacv made a comment on nbme21/block4/q#39 (A 46-year-old man comes to the physician because of...)

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submitted by eacv(2)

If u are not goot in math like me xD. I did it this way: They gave me p^2=1/900 so p=1/30.

Now I need to find P, so use p+q=1. p= 1-(1/30)= 1-0.03= 0.97

So, 2pq= 2(0.97)(0.03)= 0.064 = (1/15) :D I got it right, this is my way to do it cause im not good at fractions.

eacv **** q=1/900