Retired NBME Answer Explanations

Second Aid\biochemistry

\molecular\Chromatin structure
\molecular\Nucleotides
\molecular\De novo pyrimidine and purine synthesis
\molecular\Orotic aciduria
\molecular\Purine salvage deficiencies
\molecular\Genetic code features
\molecular\Mutations in DNA
\molecular\DNA replication
\molecular\DNA repair
\molecular\DNA/RNA/protein synthesis direction
\molecular\Types of RNA
\molecular\Start and stop codons
\molecular\Functional organization of the gene
\molecular\Regulation of gene expression
\molecular\RNA polymerases
\molecular\RNA processing (eukaryotes)
\molecular\Splicing of pre-mRNA
\molecular\Lac operon
\molecular\Introns vs. exons
\molecular\tRNA
\molecular\tRNA wobble
\molecular\Protein synthesis
\molecular\Posttranslational modifications
\cellular\Cell cycle phases
\cellular\Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
\cellular\Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
\cellular\Cell trafficking
\cellular\Peroxisome
\cellular\Proteasome
\cellular\Microtubule
\cellular\Cilia structure
\cellular\Cytoskeletal elements
\cellular\Plasma membrane composition
\cellular\Immunohistochemical stains for intermediate filaments
\cellular\Sodium pump
\cellular\Collagen
\cellular\Collagen synthesis and structure
\cellular\Osteogenesis imperfecta
\cellular\Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
\cellular\Alport's syndrome
\cellular\Elastin
\laboratory_techniques\Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
\laboratory_techniques\Blotting procedures
\laboratory_techniques\Microarrays
\laboratory_techniques\Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
\laboratory_techniques\Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
\laboratory_techniques\Cloning methods
\laboratory_techniques\Gene expression modifications
\laboratory_techniques\Karyotyping
\genetics\Genetic terms
\genetics\Hardy-Weinberg population genetics
\genetics\Imprinting
\genetics\Modes of inheritance
\genetics\Autosomal-dominant diseases
\genetics\Autosomal-recessive diseases
\genetics\Cystic fibrosis
\genetics\X-linked recessive disorders
\genetics\Muscular dystrophies
\genetics\Fragile X syndrome
\genetics\Trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases
\genetics\Autosomal trisomies
\genetics\Robertsonian translocation
\genetics\Cri-du-chat syndrome
\genetics\Williams syndrome
\genetics\22q11 deletion syndromes
\nutrition\Vitamins: fat soluble
\nutrition\Vitamins: water soluble
\nutrition\Vitamin A (retinol)
\nutrition\Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
\nutrition\Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
\nutrition\Vitamin B3 (niacin)
\nutrition\Vitamin B5 (pantothenate)
\nutrition\Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
\nutrition\Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
\nutrition\Folic acid
\nutrition\S-adenosyl-methionine
\nutrition\Biotin
\nutrition\Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
\nutrition\Vitamin D
\nutrition\Vitamin E
\nutrition\Vitamin K
\nutrition\Zinc
\nutrition\Ethanol metabolism
\nutrition\Ethanol hypoglycemia
\nutrition\Malnutrition
\metabolism\Metabolism sites
\metabolism\Enzyme terminology
\metabolism\Rate-determining enzymes of metabolic processes
\metabolism\Summary of pathways
\metabolism\Glycolysis /ATP production
\metabolism\Activated carriers
\metabolism\Universal electron acceptors
\metabolism\Hexokinase vs. glucokinase
\metabolism\Glycolysis regulation, key enzymes
\metabolism\Regulation by F2,6BP
\metabolism\Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
\metabolism\Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
\metabolism\Pyruvate metabolism
\metabolism\TCA cycle (Krebs cycle)
\metabolism\Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
\metabolism\Gluconeogenesis, irreversible enzymes
\metabolism\HMP shunt (pentose phosphate pathway)
\metabolism\Respiratory burst (oxidative burst)
\metabolism\Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
\metabolism\Disorders of fructose metabolism
\metabolism\Disorders of galactose metabolism
\metabolism\Sorbitol
\metabolism\Lactase deficiency
\metabolism\Amino acids
\metabolism\Urea cycle
\metabolism\Transport of ammonium by alanine and glutamate
\metabolism\Hyperammonemia
\metabolism\Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency
\metabolism\Amino acid derivatives
\metabolism\Catecholamine synthesis
\metabolism\Phenylketonuria
\metabolism\Alkaptonuria (ochronosis)
\metabolism\Albinism
\metabolism\Homocystinuria
\metabolism\Cystinuria
\metabolism\Maple syrup urine disease
\metabolism\Hartnup disease
\metabolism\Glycogen regulation by insulin and glucagon/epinephrine
\metabolism\Glycogen
\metabolism\Glycogenolysis/glycogen synthesis
\metabolism\Glycogen storage diseases
\metabolism\Lysosomal storage diseases
\metabolism\Lysosomal storage diseases (continued)
\metabolism\Fatty acid metabolism
\metabolism\Ketone bodies
\metabolism\Metabolic fuel use
\metabolism\Metabolic fuel use (continued)
\metabolism\Cholesterol synthesis
\metabolism\Lipid transport, key enzymes
\metabolism\Major apolipoproteins
\metabolism\Lipoprotein functions
\metabolism\Familial dyslipidemias
\metabolism\Abeta-lipoproteinemia