Retired NBME Answer Explanations

Second Aid\microbiology

\basic_bacteriology\Bacterial structures
\basic_bacteriology\Cell envelope
\basic_bacteriology\Bacterial taxonomy
\basic_bacteriology\Pleomorphic bacteria
\basic_bacteriology\Bacteria with unusual cell membranes/walls
\basic_bacteriology\Gram stain limitations
\basic_bacteriology\Stains
\basic_bacteriology\Special culture requirements
\basic_bacteriology\Aerobes
\basic_bacteriology\Anaerobes
\basic_bacteriology\Intracellular bugs
\basic_bacteriology\Encapsulated bacteria
\basic_bacteriology\Catalase/coagulase (gram-positive cocci)
\basic_bacteriology\Vaccines
\basic_bacteriology\Urease-positive bugs
\basic_bacteriology\Pigment-producing bacteria
\basic_bacteriology\Bacterial virulence factors
\basic_bacteriology\Main features of exotoxins and endotoxins
\basic_bacteriology\Bugs with exotoxins
\basic_bacteriology\Bugs with exotoxins (continued)
\basic_bacteriology\Endotoxin
\basic_bacteriology\Bacterial growth curve
\basic_bacteriology\Bacterial genetics
\basic_bacteriology\Lysogeny, specialized transduction
\clinical_bacteriology\Gram-positive lab algorithm
\clinical_bacteriology\Identification of gram-positive cocci
\clinical_bacteriology\alpha-hemolytic bacteria
\clinical_bacteriology\beta-hemolytic bacteria
\clinical_bacteriology\Staphylococcus aureus
\clinical_bacteriology\Staphylococcus epidermidis
\clinical_bacteriology\Streptococcus pneumoniae
\clinical_bacteriology\Viridans group streptococci
\clinical_bacteriology\Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci)
\clinical_bacteriology\Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)
\clinical_bacteriology\Enterococci (group D streptococci)
\clinical_bacteriology\Streptococcus bovis (group D streptococci)
\clinical_bacteriology\Corynebacterium diphtheriae
\clinical_bacteriology\Spores: bacterial
\clinical_bacteriology\Clostridia (with exotoxins)
\clinical_bacteriology\Anthrax
\clinical_bacteriology\Listeria monocytogenes
\clinical_bacteriology\Actinomyces vs. Nocardia
\clinical_bacteriology\1° and 2° tuberculosis
\clinical_bacteriology\Ghon complex
\clinical_bacteriology\Mycobacteria
\clinical_bacteriology\Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)
\clinical_bacteriology\Gram-negative lab algorithm
\clinical_bacteriology\Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria
\clinical_bacteriology\Penicillin and gram-negative bugs
\clinical_bacteriology\Neisseria
\clinical_bacteriology\Haemophilus influenzae
\clinical_bacteriology\Legionella pneumophila
\clinical_bacteriology\Pseudomonas aeruginosa
\clinical_bacteriology\E. coli
\clinical_bacteriology\Klebsiella
\clinical_bacteriology\Salmonella vs. Shigella
\clinical_bacteriology\Campylobacter jejuni
\clinical_bacteriology\Vibrio cholera
\clinical_bacteriology\Yersinia enterocolitica
\clinical_bacteriology\Helicobacter pylori
\clinical_bacteriology\Spirochetes
\clinical_bacteriology\Leptospira interrogans
\clinical_bacteriology\Lyme disease
\clinical_bacteriology\Syphilis
\clinical_bacteriology\Argyll Robertson pupil
\clinical_bacteriology\VDRL false positives
\clinical_bacteriology\Zoonotic bacteria
\clinical_bacteriology\Gardnerella vaginalis
\clinical_bacteriology\Rickettsial diseases and vectors
\clinical_bacteriology\Weil-Felix reaction
\clinical_bacteriology\Rocky Mountain spotted fever
\clinical_bacteriology\Chlamydiae
\clinical_bacteriology\Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
\clinical_bacteriology\Mycoplasma pneumoniae
\mycology\Systemic mycoses
\mycology\Cutaneous mycoses
\mycology\Opportunistic fungal infections
\mycology\Pneumocystis jiroveci
\mycology\Sporothrix schenckii
\parasitology\Protozoa-GI infections
\parasitology\Protozoa-CNS infections
\parasitology\Protozoa-hematologic infections
\parasitology\Protozoa-Others
\parasitology\Nematodes (roundworms)
\parasitology\Cestodes (tapeworms)
\parasitology\Trematodes (flukes)
\parasitology\Ectoparasites
\parasitology\Nematode routes of infection
\parasitology\Parasite hints
\parasitology\Typhoid and typhus
\virology\Viral structure-general features
\virology\Viral genetics
\virology\Viral vaccines
\virology\DNA viral genomes
\virology\RNA viral genomes
\virology\Naked viral genome infectivity
\virology\Virus ploidy
\virology\Viral replication
\virology\Viral envelopes
\virology\DNA virus characteristics
\virology\DNA viruses
\virology\Herpesviruses
\virology\HSV identification
\virology\EBV
\virology\RNA viruses
\virology\Negative-stranded viruses
\virology\Segmented viruses
\virology\Picornavirus
\virology\Rhinovirus
\virology\Yellow fever virus
\virology\Rotavirus
\virology\Influenza viruses
\virology\Rubella virus
\virology\Paramyxoviruses
\virology\Rubeola (measles) virus
\virology\Mumps virus
\virology\Rabies virus
\virology\Hepatitis viruses
\virology\Hepatitis serologic markers
\virology\HIV
\virology\HIV diagnosis
\virology\Time course of HIV infection
\virology\Common diseases of HIV-positive adults
\virology\Prions
\systems\Normal flora: dominant
\systems\Bugs causing food poisoning
\systems\Bugs that can mimic appendicitis
\systems\Bugs causing diarrhea
\systems\Common causes of pneumonia
\systems\Common causes of meningitis
\systems\CSF findings in meningitis
\systems\Osteomyelitis
\systems\Urinary tract infections
\systems\UTI bugs
\systems\ToRCHeS infection
\systems\Red rashes of childhood
\systems\Sexually transmitted diseases
\systems\Pelvic inflammatory disease
\systems\Nosocomial infections
\systems\Bugs affecting unvaccinated children
\systems\Bug hints (if all else fails)
\antimicrobials\Antimicrobial therapy
\antimicrobials\Penicillin
\antimicrobials\Methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin (penicillinase-resistant penicillins)
\antimicrobials\Ampicillin, amoxicillin (aminopenicillins)
\antimicrobials\Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin (anti-pseudomonals)
\antimicrobials\beta-lactamase inhibitors
\antimicrobials\Cephalosporins
\antimicrobials\Aztreonam
\antimicrobials\Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem
\antimicrobials\Vancomycin
\antimicrobials\Protein synthesis inhibitors
\antimicrobials\Aminoglycosides
\antimicrobials\Tetracyclines
\antimicrobials\Macrolides
\antimicrobials\Chloramphenicol
\antimicrobials\Clindamycin
\antimicrobials\Sulfonamides
\antimicrobials\Trimethoprim
\antimicrobials\Fluoroquinolones
\antimicrobials\Metronidazole
\antimicrobials\Antimycobacterial drugs
\antimicrobials\Isoniazid (INH)
\antimicrobials\Rifampin
\antimicrobials\Pyrazinamide
\antimicrobials\Ethambutol
\antimicrobials\Antimicrobial prophylaxis
\antimicrobials\HIV prophylaxis
\antimicrobials\Treatment of highly resistant bacteria
\antimicrobials\Empiric therapy for community-acquired pneumonia
\antimicrobials\Antifungal therapy
\antimicrobials\Amphotericin B
\antimicrobials\Nystatin
\antimicrobials\Azoles
\antimicrobials\Flucytosine
\antimicrobials\Caspofungin
\antimicrobials\Terbinafine
\antimicrobials\Griseofulvin
\antimicrobials\Antiprotozoan therapy
\antimicrobials\Chloroquine
\antimicrobials\Antihelminthic therapy
\antimicrobials\Antiviral chemotherapy
\antimicrobials\Amantadine
\antimicrobials\Zanamivir, oseltamivir
\antimicrobials\Ribavirin
\antimicrobials\Acyclovir
\antimicrobials\Ganciclovir
\antimicrobials\Foscarnet
\antimicrobials\Cidofovir
\antimicrobials\HIV therapy
\antimicrobials\Interferons
\antimicrobials\Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy