Clostridium perfringins is a common cause of myonecrosis and would be described as a large gram(+) rod (FA2020p138).

• Bacillis subtilis is a motile gram + rod known as hay bacillis found in soil and the intestines of humans. It is almost never pathogenic and used in probiotic supplements.
• Bacteroides fragilis is an anaerobe like clostridia but it is a gram negative rod. It is found in lung abscesses from aspiration.
• Listeria monocytogenes is a gram positive rod but it is more associated with consumption of unpasturized dairy or deli meats and it causes listeriosis which can present from mild gastroenteritis to meningitis. It can be associated with sepsis but more commonly in the elderly, immunocompromised, or newborns and would not be associated with myonecrosis.
• StaphyloCOCCUS aureus is a gram positive cocci.