Wouldn't chronic alcoholism also reduce available NAD and thus inhibit pyruvate decarboxylation by PDH?

You're just going to diss the son like that right in front of him?

all fine and dandy except bicarbonate isn't constant with flow rate

They love picking these cases right on the border. Just barely outside of that sexually active age range

this is clearly another one of those trap questions for overthinkers

This is where the hernia begins but ultimately where it bulges out varies depending on how far down the inguinal canal the hernia goes. It could pop out well below the inguinal ligament. The wording is crap, they should have just shown a picture of the patient.

The incorrect labeling of the gross pecimen makes this question a bona fide piece of garbage.

You should find out whether or not she wants her parents to know first

I ruled out most of them because of no evidence of person-to-person transmission and only people with pre-existing conditions were affected. The rest would probably also affect children or other attendees or spread to others in the nursing home.

Looked this up. Starvation causes GH resistance. Never heard of this, unfortunately fell into the trap of thinking increased GH would increase IGF-1. Punished for overthinking.

I don't think you're going to find any evidence for this one. It's just the test-writers' opinion

this question was utter BS, but the way I justified "same epitopes" was that it said "in the context of anti-serum X," i.e., which epitopes would have been developed in the context of the antibodies present. It's unlikely that anti-X antibodies would bind to epitopes on Y that aren't on X. But you could argue there are theoretical epitopes on Y that could be bound by another antibody that doesn't exist in this scenario.

Very drawn out and took me 5 minutes to actually figure out on the test, honestly a waste of time in my opinion, but there you go.