In erdor for a dugr ot eb edrlcea by eht e,kdyin it tmsu rtsfi eb lfrteide ni teh irulgelm.o Drugs whit a hihg DV eahv moer of het drgu ni teh usetis ttah rea ton vailbalae to elerdfti yb eht d.kniey ugDrs iwth ighh epiotnr ibnndgi wt'no be deerflti ti.rhee oS uoy twan a durg hwit low Vd and wol inibngd fi uoy wtna it eclrdea avi the dnkeiys nda ri.eun

Kpa is pH ta cwihh any urgd si ta sti 05% dizioen t.teas

wNo ew rea alk eniur i.e inc p.H hwne &atKpgp;H ti ilwl eahv otw ifdf atph rof caidic drug &;mpa asbci gr.du

ccAdii dgru ilwl icn sti nanltieimoi (inc nezdoii mor,)f cbisa rdug wlil eb rome dbosrsa o.be we dnee ot nwko hte dgru si absci caci.i/d

owN fi u kal rinue tis itnimeoanli cin. os it eavh to be ci.diac or u acn wkon ist a dsio astl fo dugr hitw SNC proetrpy i.e osmt eikl aoPrbbihantel aWek( dca)i

so if Kap fo gurd is 6--a-t Hp 7 ew lwli srtta inmiglinaet

but if apK is 0 we ende ot eaisr Hp fo neiur ta 11 to atsrt tnalmeiatiign. tath tonip pvre grud a(6=)Kp owdlu be tatylol uot of .syetms

thtas why A si the trghi asn Kpa( = )6

fI uyo tanw ot lerca a u,dgr ti si bolraypb stbe taht it tno be buond to penotsir s(o that it tgse )rfietled dan it ash a low meolvu fo biitonudtsri so( it tin's ni eth eped, ahdr ot caehr suse)is.t

ghrltia etls do tsih. meos of the ecmmtnos ewer earyll lwle ,dxeilneap owvereh mi onigg ot rty rhnoeat .eotur tles dlea twhi paK sicne teh treoh mtoesnmc aenideaxpl dV ewll one.hug ukosd ofl.la/slslefe

firts inhgt is yuo avhe ot eetdemrin if tis an diac ro bea.s 9%0 fo hte iemt its ingog to be a wkea c,aid ew sempli tond tuormalfe cmhu osdinmatiec sa asbes ni r.leenag aols ist musoid astl nda NCS os yuo wnok ti sah to be narolbpi.ehatb epts 1() wol paK asmen cida 7.4(-) ouy stum onkw tshi. 2)( uyo stum wonk htta lla diacs asttr off uarlnet dna hetn osle na oni t--;&g mgobince edrc.gah nda lal sabse astrt ffo crdghae dan neht selo na noi ot omeceb lauernt h(ist is yhw ew ondt ues sabci dgsru acesbue tish arulent aghecr ash a hghi vd dna pstsdioe ni stiesus = bad in eer)ydl.l yuo tnaw dcarheg bc tthsa htaw is lodyprcihih aak pee it to.u )3( exnt sue wtha i jtusj aisd and pypal ti to isht :hactr

2+ = 9%9

1+ = 90%

-1 = %01

-2 = 1%

eht frtsi enbmru esnprtesre teh nrdfcieeef eeentbw pH adn Kpa (Kpa si vnige by het tioqsuen a)ly,wsa Hp is waht uoy gdnheca wnhe uyo eilanzldak eth ui.ner os rof shti senuitoq ti dwuol eb: -ppaKH = ghih ibasc aluev &7g(t;) unsim pak ( aekw caid -.)47

won eth desonc eartegpenc srtsepreen eht gaeenrtcpe of ddiastesico ortpn.o so fro na ida,c etyh liwl oebmce gdhcare, hits eanms ahtt if the nefefirdce beeewtn hte ph and Kpa is vore 1+ then 9%0 fo het cida wlli og frmo alnrute ot eghrd.ca fi teh ph si 2+ aertgre ntha AKp hetn 99% fo the adic lwli hvae stlo ist rptnoo nda omebec credgha

tles ueszaimmr st:ih eewr tlod sit a keaw dcai = aka Kap entwbee 7.-4 ew natw to gte ot aket the awek aidc mrfo its ruletna from itno a hgacred rfom ot teg rdi of .ti so we alzilaanek the ,ineru eeuabsc sbeas ear ghierh Hp oyu iwll teg a rmeo + nbrmeu tsuh hte ekwa cdia lwil go rofm untarel ot agchder adn eb dcteree.x

I saw orwgniend fi it wsa to lowla fro aprtlai CNS rteintpenao inces hte urgd si plsyoedpus usdsepop to avhe CNS teffec

orf aekw psaHp=idcak + glo A()H-/(A) aka erdnsonhe habacseshl qo tefinaui yuo olsev sit,h yl'ulo get ttha pH - kap = ()o(/AHdan-Ag)l tehn aiagn uoy wlli egt 10 to oewpr ph - pka = .A-HA/ rReef[ ot klni in en] tocmmswon isgdocrnine atht eth hp of uor oydb si 7.3 t,engehiswmo can evslo for apk 10 adn akp 6 gnsiu ihst f u.hTrtamaol si rfo pka 6 nad doby ph ,73. ti wlil eb 10 to het poewr fo 13., ulwdo mnae ahtt AHA/ iroat is a tseovpii unbe,rm piingyml atht A- tg;& HA. ahr wese orf newh kap is 01, het HAA/- nrotia si 10 to erwpo of -.7,2 ngeiamn atht g-A.;tH&A

Adn sa rdleyaa otinmeedn ni hte avobe nm,ecosmt we nede an iiconc mof,r to niemaleit the gru,d it uwdol be eefprrdre fi hte kpa si 6 sa in atth ec,sa i-)cnA(oi lwodu eb in mreo necattnn.coroi

so hwat if sith asw erisvnde reehw hte udgr ni qintsueo was a bsae nad ahtt urine wsa iiceidaid.f nkow het Kpa would eedn to eb &;gt7 utb ahwt abuto eht pH

cemnomt[ edmov to ]ntesbucmmo