Parental consent laws in relation to healthcare vary by state. In general, parental consent should be obtained, but exceptions exist for emergency treatment (eg, blood transfusions) or if minor is legally emancipated (eg, married, self supporting, or in the military).

Situations in which parental consent is usually not required:

• Sex (contraception, STIs, pregnancy)
• Drugs (substance abuse)
• Rock and Roll (emergency/trauma)

FA 2018 p260

ethics varies across different continents.

for the unconscious pediatric patient who will suffer immediate and imminent harm if not treated: informed consent is presumed and the patient may be treated without informed consent of the parents or guardians ref: https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/29540-informed-consent-know-rules-and-exceptions-when-they-apply