In redor orf a gudr to eb lcdraee yb the ek,yndi ti mtus isrft eb idreleft ni the lmg.eiolur gsrDu thwi a hhig VD ahve emro of the gdur ni eht essitu ttah ear nto eaivlblaa to ieldtfre yb hte endk.iy sgDur wiht high rpoteni dninibg t'won eb letdrfei eireth. So yuo twan a grud wthi low Vd dna wol niignbd if uoy ntaw it dercael vai teh kyindes nda n.uire

apK is Hp at hhiwc yan urdg is at tis 5%0 ziondei tet.as

Nwo ew ear lka nieur ei. nic .pH hnew &;tpgpKHa ti lwli ehav two iffd ahpt rof ccadii gurd pam;& asicb d.urg

Accdii rudg wlli cni sti ianmioenilt (nci zdneioi mf,ro) bcisa ugdr iwll eb ermo abo.b sosedr we need to nkow teh gurd si bacis i./ccdia

oNw fi u lak eriun sti iiamoienltn c.ni os ti eavh ot eb di.iacc or u nca know tsi a dois tasl of drug whit NCS rtopyper i.e tmso liek belPiaahrotbn Wkae( ad)ic

os if pKa fo gdur si a-6-t- Hp 7 we wlli atstr minleigitan

btu if Kpa si 0 we deen to aeirs pH fo eunri at 11 to rsatt tniitm.aalgnie atth tpion revp udgr a()Kp=6 wulod eb ltyloat tou fo mysset.

tshta hyw A si eth trgih ans pK(a = )6

If yuo awnt ot elrca a gru,d ti si aopblyrb sbet atth it otn eb dbonu to soeirpnt so( htta it stge ietrefl)d nda it ahs a wlo omvleu fo btiointsriud (os ti t'nsi ni eht e,ped darh ot ercah iu.)essst

itlgarh elst do .sthi emos fo the mcsotnem eewr eryall well lipe,dnaxe verwohe mi igogn ot try ntreaho uotre. tsle edla whti Kpa inecs eht htore smectmno ieaelxpadn Vd lewl n.eugoh kodus fllflss/o.leae

sitfr ighnt si you hvea to etiremden if tis an daci or sabe. 0%9 fo teh teim its ggnoi ot eb a aekw ,idac we mepsli ntod lartufmeo mhcu atcdniomeis sa sbsea in la.nrgee olas sti umsoid ltsa and NSC so ouy wokn it sah to be ba.ehirblapton pets 1() wol Kap nsmae aidc )(7-.4 ouy msut wonk h.ist )(2 yuo utms wkon ttah lal saicd ttrsa off aulnret nda ethn lsoe na ino gt&-;- onbiegmc eghrdca. nad all ebsas attsr off dhcerga dna enth olse an nio ot cembeo aurlent ths(i is why ew nodt seu scbia drugs esuceab hist latuner ehcgra sah a ihgh dv dan pedssito ni essiuts = abd in y.e)lerld yuo anwt cegdrha cb tsaht athw si hoyldphirci kaa pee ti o.ut (3) entx esu what i jtjus iasd and alpyp it ot sthi rtca:h

2+ = 99%

1+ = 90%

1- = 01%

-2 = %1

het rtisf bernum nprseeetrs eht eefedncirf eentebw Hp dan Kpa K(ap si ivneg by eht ietsouqn a),ylswa pH is thaw oyu cgdnhae nhwe oyu lkzldaanei eht e.niru so ofr siht uiosetqn it owdlu b:e KH-app = ghih asibc uveal ;(7&g)t nusim kap ( awke acid -).74

own teh sonecd grecntapee seertrnsep het naeprcgtee fo ctisoedidsa pnot.or os for an ci,da ethy lilw eebcom gr,edahc tsih sneam ttha fi teh idceffener teneweb the hp dan paK si vero +1 tneh %90 of het acid wlil go rmfo taernul to daherg.c fi eht hp is 2+ egatrer nhat KpA nhet 9%9 of eht idca iwll vhea ltos its oonrtp and ebmoec dchraeg

stle rezsmaumi h:its rewe oltd sti a aekw acdi = kaa apK eentebw .-47 we tawn ot egt ot eakt eht eakw acdi omfr tis nlauret rmof noit a cghdaer rfom to get rid of .ti so we alklanazei hte r,uein cesuaeb sbsae rae hrgehi Hp uoy wlli get a ermo + rnmeub suth hte wkea daic illw og frmo nuerlta to caghdre nda be crte.dexe

I was idewonrgn fi it was to olwla for ltairpa NSC tpnionrteae isenc eht grdu is lsysuopepd dupsseop ot veah CSN fcetfe

for eakw pakcd sp=Hia + olg ))(A/AH-( aak onhenreds chashsebla afe iqtunio ouy oselv ih,st l'louy tge hatt Hp - apk = )lo(Hn/ (Ad)-Aga etnh gniaa ouy lwil gte 10 ot eporw ph - kap = .A/H-A [Rrfee ot nlki ni t omensc]nomw gdeoiscnrin taht het hp fo rou dbyo si .73 nigm heeot,ws can selvo for pka 10 nda kap 6 iusng tshi Tlamohru aft. is rof kpa 6 nad boyd ph 73., it lwli eb 01 to teh pwreo of 13., lwduo anme htat AHA/ atrio is a tsoveiip nrmb,eu mpgiilny ttha A- g;t& .HA sehewa r rof wnhe kpa is ,10 the A/H-A tnriao is 01 ot orwpe fo -,7.2 imnagne taht ;.AtAg-&H

nAd sa eardlay tmoneiend in eth bveoa montscm,e ew eend na ncoiic orf,m ot tmeeainli het g,dur it uwodl be eedfprrer fi eth pak si 6 sa ni htta asc,e (-)oAniic udlwo be in rome r.cnotoinnatce

so tahw if tsih swa evrsdeni hrwee het dugr ni tqueonis aws a besa adn atht eruni saw ie.icfaiddi knwo eht Kpa duolw dene ot eb tg;&7 utb what outab hte pH

cmnemo[t mdvoe to bmncstemo]u