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NBME 20 Answers

nbme20/Block 4/Question#42 (reveal difficulty score)
A 65-year-old woman dies 6 months after the ...
Meningeal ๐Ÿ” / ๐Ÿ“บ / ๐ŸŒณ / ๐Ÿ“–
tags: neuro images gross repeat

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 +4  upvote downvote
submitted by โˆ—johnthurtjr(168)
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I'm not a fan of gross path images and questions that say "look, what is this thing?" - that said meningiomas are the most common brain tumor and this picture is is a good example of one. I had no idea what these things looked like and got it wrong, too. Take a look at this one

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johnthurtjr  [Here's more info](http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/cnstumormeningiomageneral.html) +2
meningitis  I got it wrong because I didn't see any apparent Dura mater nor other meninges (The veins aren't being covered by any "shiny layer"), so I thought the tumor was coming from inside the brain and not compressing it like meningiomas usually do. +3
meningitis  But it did follow the common aspect where they are found in between divisions of brain and are circular growths like a ball. +9
nala_ula  Since it was basically implied that the patient died and "here look at what this is" I thought it was a malignant tumor (glioblastoma)... but I guess it's all about placement. +15
thelupuswolf  GBM would be in the perenchyma. Devine podcast said if they show you a gross picture of the bottom of the brain then it's a hemangioblastoma bc it's most often cerebellar. But this one wasn't cerebellar so I went ahead with meningioma (FA says external to brain parenchyma as well) +2
vivijujubebe  GBM would have necrosis and bleeding whereas the ball-shaped tumor in the picture looks smooth and very benign...even tho I have no idea how someone can die so suddenly from meningioma +1
seba0039  Minor correction, but I do not think that Meningiomas are the most common brain tumor; they are the most common benign brain tumor of adults (Pathoma), but I'm not sure if they're the most common overall. +
an1  This image gave us all the telltales for meningioma: an elderly woman, midline mass, round. I think another thing that made me opt for meningioma was that I had to look for the mass and make sure I wasn't looking at the wrong thing. From what I've seen, GBM presents with a unilateral, hemorrhagic, necrotic mass that would stick our like a sore thumb. +



 +3  upvote downvote
submitted by โˆ—hgandler(4)
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Meningiomas most often occur near the surfaces of the brain, especially the parasaggital regions. They are often asymptomatic, and grossly it appears as a round mass attached to dura. It will compress the cortex (explaining the headaches), but it will not invade. They are also the most common primary benign CNS tumor. Women are more commonly affected, which is supported by the vignette.

Other answers:

A: Astrocytomas are usually found in the posterior fossa, and are the most common primary CNS tumor in children

B: Glioblastoma multiforme is usually seen within the cerebral hemispheres, and shows signs of necrosis and hemorrhage.

C: Melanoma can metastasize to the brain, but this would likely form in multiple spots, and they would not be outside of the parenchyma

E: Squamous epithelial would similarly be metastasis and therefore also be multiple lesions inside the parenchyma

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 +1  upvote downvote
submitted by smit 24(1)
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Clinical vignette is leading to GBM(astrocyte origin)....not sure about the gross picture.....

Don't know what if such questions appear on real exam๐Ÿ˜‘๐Ÿ˜‘๐Ÿ˜‘

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htballer55  I felt the same way. but if you look at autopsy pics on google, you see the meningioma is like a ball coming out of the meninges. compare that to glioblastoma which is within the brain in cerebral hemispheres. so it's mainly one tumor is coming out of the brain and the other is inside the cerebral hemispheres. that's the best i can come up with. but it's confusing +5



 +1  upvote downvote
submitted by โˆ—misterdoctor69(70)
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In case anyone was wondering, meningiomas are more common in women (perhaps due to an estrogenic effect, but this is still hotly debated).

Also, GBM's would show up as butterfly-shaped and intraparenchymal. They have a 60% higher incidence in males than females. Historical aside - Ted Kennedy died from a GBM

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 -18  upvote downvote
submitted by thomas(3)
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Answer is Astrocyte. Patient has glioblastoma multiforme. Although meningiomas may occur at convexities, meningiomas are benign and often asymptomatic. They may cause h/a seizures, but would be unlikely to cause death w/in 6m of onset of h/a. The size of tumor and course of illness is consistent with the course of GBM

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masonkingcobra  Above is obviously incorrect because the answer is Meningeal lol. Here is a link to a good picture: http://neuropathology-web.org/chapter7/chapter7fMiscellaneous.html +28
kernicterusthefrog  Obviously thomas is disagreeing with the presentation of the question, and I agreed with him! This absolutely sounds like GBM, with rapid onset leading to death, and the symptoms. The question stem leads you to GBM, and the gross image to meningioma (I guess). +2
kernicterusthefrog  Furthermore, where are the meninges on the gross image form which this (meningioma) grew?! It should at least show the tissue from whence it came! +1
nala_ula  Had the same problem, got confused since it appeared that the growth was malignant :( +
sugaplum  FA 2019 pg 514, also agree with everyone. weird presentation. Glios are malignant death within 1 year, meningioma are often asymptomatic or have focal signs. just a gross pathology question at this point +
garima  ฤฑ think she died bc of pressure or something guys, its obviously round shaped benign lesion, its also extra axial not like GBM. she had this maybe years before death +2
skonys  I think the point is that GBM causes a rapid decline and death at relatively small lesion size because it's within the parenchyma. Meningiomas are benign and can grow insanely large before they cause symptoms. +

  • Astrocytes proliferate to form glial tumors in adults, for example, glioblastoma. These highly malignant tumors appear as intra-axial masses in the cerebral hemispheres, which typically demonstrate areas of necrosis and can spread to the opposite hemisphere across the corpus callosum.

  • Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Malignant meningiomas may grow rapidly and cause symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache. Meningiomas appear as well-circumscribed, extraaxial masses that compress the adjacent brain parenchyma.***Parasaggital regions.



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