"Despite inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by statins, cells compensate by increasing enzyme expression several fold. However, the total body cholesterol is reduced by 20%–40% due to increased expression of LDL receptors after statin administration."

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/hmg-coa

Here's how I thought through this. problem with DCML (absent proprioception and vibration sense), problem with deep tendon reflexes (DRGs), ataxic gait (spinocerebellar pathway), mild weakness (motor neurons). The only thing that all of these pathways have in common is that they all use myelinated afferents.

I don't know if Guillan Barre would actually present like this, but you don't have to know what the illness is to figure the question out.

Good explanation on reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/step1/comments/d8aqj5/spoiler_nbme_16_hey_can_anybody_advice_how_to_get/

Essentially, A = mucinous glands (foamy cytoplasm) B = parietal cells (stain eosinophilc, P ar I etal cells stain PInk w/ a fried egg appearance. Additionally, they're above chief cells C = chief cells (stain basophilic, super dark, and below parietal cells)

Good explanation on reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/step1/comments/d8aqj5/spoiler_nbme_16_hey_can_anybody_advice_how_to_get/

Essentially, A = mucinous glands (foamy cytoplasm) B = parietal cells (stain eosinophilc, P ar I etal cells stain PInk w/ a fried egg appearance. Additionally, they're above chief cells C = chief cells (stain basophilic, super dark, and below parietal cells)

Good explanation on reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/step1/comments/d8aqj5/spoiler_nbme_16_hey_can_anybody_advice_how_to_get/

Essentially, A = mucinous glands (foamy cytoplasm) B = parietal cells (stain eosinophilc, P ar I etal cells stain PInk w/ a fried egg appearance. Additionally, they're above chief cells C = chief cells (stain basophilic, super dark, and below parietal cells)

Phenylephrine is an a1>a2 agonist, given as a nasal decongestant. Thanks Sketchy Pharm

2,3-BPG created in RBCs during glycolysis. The production of 2,3-BPG is increased when oxygen availability is reduced, as occurs in chronic lung disease, HF& chronic exposure to high altitudes. Elevated levels of 2,3-BPG decrease Hb O2 affinity, allowing the release of more O2 in the peripheral tissue

Actinic purpura results from extravasation of blood into the dermis. This phenomenon is due to the skin atrophy and the fragility of the blood vessels in elderly individuals, which is exacerbated by chronic sun exposure. Actinic purpura lesions are located on sun-exposed areas, like the arms, face, and neck.

Skin atrophy in dermatoporosis is due to an alteration of collagen, similar to that which is seen in osteoporosis. This pronounced skin atrophy caused by the photo-aging makes the dermal vascular network very sensitive to the slightest trauma or shearing force.

GnRH agonists like Leuprolide are effective for patients with breast CA because if given in a continuous fashion, they downregulate the GnRH receptor in the pituitary and ultimately decrease FSH and LH.

Vinca and plant alkaloids bind B-tubulin, which inhibits the formation or disassembly or microtubules, respectively.

Vinca and plant alkaloids bind B-tubulin, which inhibits the formation or disassembly or microtubules, respectively.

Paclitaxel hyperstabilizes polymerized microtubules (made up of alpha- and beta- tubulin)

The only time you transfuse a Jehovah's Witness patient is when the patient is a minor (<18 years old).

Bile salts help dissolve gallstones that have formed in the gallbladder, used in patients refractory to surgery or prefer to avoid it.

This explains it really well with a picture: https://www.med.illinois.edu/m2/pathology/PathAtlasf/Atlas01.html.

Hydropic change = one of the early signs of cellular degeneration in response to injury that results in accumulation of water in the cell. Hypoxia/ischemia leads to decease in aerobic respiration in the mitochondria and decreased ATP production due to failure of the Na+/K+ ATPase leading to Na+ and water diffusion into the cell. Individual tubule cells appear swollen and "empty" with almost occluded lumen, glomerulus is hypercellular.

this question is gramatically wrong, just move on. i did not and wasted maybe 5 minutes. just know that when you decrease chol. , there is no chol. left, so LDL regulating people open more receptors to balance the chol. back to its normal.

Diagnosis: Pneumomediastinum (FA 2019, 659)

+Hamman Sign=Crepitus on cardiac auscultation

Etiology: spontaneous (due to rupture of pulmonary bleb) or 2° (eg, trauma, iatrogenic, Boerhaave syndrome).