NBME 23 Increased metabolic rate (NBME Answers)

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Retired NBME 23 Answers

nbme23/Block 3/Question#46 (reveal difficulty score)
A 19-year-old woman is severely burned over ...
Increased metabolic rate 🔍 / 📺 / 🌳 / 📖
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submitted by ∗thomasalterman(181)

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Skin provides insulation and prevents heat loss. This patient's body will compensate for increased rate of heat loss by increasing metabolic rate.

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davidw This is directly from Goljan I) Hypovolemic shock may occur due to loss of plasma from the burn surface (refer to Chapter 5). • Loss of protein from the plasma loss may result in generalized pitting edema. II) Infection of the wound site and sepsis may occur. (a) Sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cause of infection in burn patients. (b) Other pathogens include methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Candida species. (3) Curling ulcers may occur in the proximal duodenum (refer to Chapter 18). (4) Hypermetabolic syndrome may occur if >40% of the body surface is burned. +16

yex Can someone explain why is it not increased ECF? +26

charcot_bouchard i picked same. Increased ECF but cant remember why. Can you explain WHY it is increased ECF? what was ur reasoning +3

isotopes Burns would lead to a decrease in ECF because the protection from fluid loss is absent; it can lead to shock. :) +4

tinydoc My reasoning behind picking ↑ ECV was that your losing fluid but not electrolytes with the burn ⇒ the ecv would have increased osmolarity, so the fluid from the ICV would be pushed the the ECV. It made sense to me at the time. I guess technically its wrong because the loss of fluids and the gain of fluids would amount to pretty much the same thing. But the insulation and heat loss thing makes sense I guess. +

yex Increased ECF, bc I was thinking about the edema formation.... :-/ +3

atbangura I picked increased ECF because burns increase the capillary permeability coefficient, but now that I am going over it I realized that increasing the permeability would only transfer plasma volume to the interstitial volume, which are both a part of the ECF so therefore ECF would not change. SMH +10

aisel1787 thanks +

69_nbme_420 Burns (and Diarrhea) cause ISOsmotic volume contraction; Costanzo BRS Physio +

tiagob in severe burned patient, also has increased fluid in third spacing or interstitial (leading EDEMA). Different extracellular space is interstitial and vascular +1

peridot I also wanted to add, another huge job of the skin is to prevent loss of fluid. Burn patients are easily dehydrated because they've lost that barrier. This helped me lean away from increased ECV - despite the edema (from one compartment to another) as others have mentioned above, there is a loss in overall ECV due to evaporation from body. +

chaosawaits So I'm the only idiot who thought "loss of B vitamins" sounded like a good answer. Nice. +

Increased ECV is a very attractive option as Third spacing is a very common complication in Burn units However , please take note : The ECV consists of two compartments , the interstitial space and the intravascular space . In Burn patients fluid moves out of the blood vessels into the interstitium ( which decreases the intravascular volume and can lead to hypovolemic shock ) . So even though burn patients may have edema , there is no actual increase in the total contnet of fluid in the ECV ! it just moves from one of its compartments into the next

+8/- andro(269)

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submitted by ∗drzed(333)

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Lol I was stupid and put increased serum cholesterol concentration because I thought that the fluid loss would lead to a concentration of substances in the ECF (e.g. like how dehydration can trigger gout). RIP.

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focus "The post-burn hypermetabolic response increases the metabolic rate to compensate for the profound water and heat loss severe burn patients suffer. Water loss approaches 4000 milliliters per meter squared burn area per day [38-41]. The body’s natural response to this insult, partially mediated by increased ATP consumption and substrate oxidation, is to raise core and skin temperatures 2°C above normal compared to unburned patients [42]. This response is similar to the response seen during cold acclimatization. In fact, patients that do not mount this response are likely septic and or have exhausted physiologic capabilities to maintain needed body temperature [43]." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3776603/ +2

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submitted by justherefortheyield(3)

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Couldn't hypoalbuminemia lead to hypercholesterolemia? I recall sittar talking about this in the context of proteinuria but couldn't this still apply?

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frustratedllama I thought so too but did a little digging and turns out this happens in nephrotic syndrome bc low oncotic pressure directly stimulates apolipoprotein B synthesis. They still don't know why lol. But in burn victims there's actually increased lipid metabolism, so nothing to do with hypercholesterolemia. +

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submitted by kungfupanda(5)

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Increase in body metabolism is also due to the inflammation thats seen after the burns in any patient irrespective of the severity. though its explained that huge skin loss (35% burn) increases the body metabolism to compensation for the excess heat loss due to the huge skin loss(as explained by others), this explanation depends in how severe the burns are.

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